Medicated malnourishment
A significant literature describes the impact of genetics, lifestyle, life-stage, diet and medication on micronutrient status. A comprehensive search of electronic databases of peer reviewed literature using keywords and the Medical Subject Headings of classes of drugs as defined in the BNF and any negative impacts on 26 recognised micronutrients and descriptors of microbiome was performed.
1270 references were identified with 4073 incidences of medication/s interacting with the status of the above micronutrients. These were assessed as-major/moderate/minor based upon the conclusion/s of the publication. An algorithm was developed that enabled the likely impact of the above variables to be quantified and interrogated, with aggregation of cumulative scores from these multiple inputs enabling rapid assessment of impacts to be delivered in an easy-to-understand summary report with a hyperlink to the relevant abstract, enabling validation. This technology provides pharmacists with on-line access to the relevant data to deliver validated corrective dietary recommendations.
Potential minor and moderate negative impacts resulting from inputs are advised to be corrected firstly by recommended changes to diet, with major deficiencies addressed by relevant supplementation wherever necessary.
A recent independent audit of 2,642 prescriptions (7,081 items) dispensed over 1 month in three independent community pharmacies identified 1230 prescriptions where one or more medications potentially impacted significantly on micronutrient status enough to warrant interventions with one or more vitamin and/or mineral and/or supplement recommendations. This highlights the compounding effects of potentially adverse chronic lifestyle and medication impacts on micronutrient status providing accessible evidence based counselling resource for pharmacists (1-3).

